منابع مشابه
Predicting species spatial distributions using presence-only data: a case study of native New Zealand ferns
Identification of areas containing high biological diversity (‘hotspots’) from species presence-only data has become increasingly important in species and ecosystem management when presence/absence data is unavailable. However, as presence-only data sets lack any information on absences and as they suffer from many biases associated with the ad hoc or non-stratified sampling, they are often ass...
متن کاملEffects of mesoscale environmental heterogeneity and dispersal limitation on floristic variation in rain forest ferns
1 Field studies to evaluate the roles of environmental variation and random dispersal in explaining variation in the floristic composition of rain forest plants at landscape to regional scales have yet to reach a consensus. Moreover, only one study has focused on scales below 10 km 2 , where the effects of dispersal limitation are expected to be easiest to observe. 2 In the present study, we es...
متن کاملpatterns and variations in native and non-native interlanguage pragmatic rating: effects of rater training, intercultural proficiency, and self-assessment
although there are studies on pragmatic assessment, to date, literature has been almost silent about native and non-native english raters’ criteria for the assessment of efl learners’ pragmatic performance. focusing on this topic, this study pursued four purposes. the first one was to find criteria for rating the speech acts of apology and refusal in l2 by native and non-native english teachers...
15 صفحه اولLanguage- and Talker-dependent Variation in Global Features of Native and Non-native Speech
We motivate and present a corpus of scripted and spontaneous speech in both the native and the non-native language of talkers from various language backgrounds. Using corpus recordings from 11 native English and 11 late Mandarin-English bilinguals we compared speech timing across native English, native Mandarin, and Mandarin-accented English. Findings showed similarities across native Mandarin ...
متن کاملSpeaker and Accent Variation Are Handled Differently: Evidence in Native and Non-Native Listeners
Listeners are able to cope with between-speaker variability in speech that stems from anatomical sources (i.e. individual and sex differences in vocal tract size) and sociolinguistic sources (i.e. accents). We hypothesized that listeners adapt to these two types of variation differently because prior work indicates that adapting to speaker/sex variability may occur pre-lexically while adapting ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Science
سال: 1893
ISSN: 0036-8075,1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.ns-21.535.244-a